Ford DSFL Teen Driving Grant Results: Colorado
With a Ford DSFL grant, the Eagle County, Colorado Prevention Committee hosted a number of events and activities for teens including booths at concerts and a youth safe driving fair.
Teen and Novice Drivers
Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) programs allow young drivers to safely gain driving experience before obtaining full driving privileges. Most programs include three stages:
- Learner Stage: supervised driving, cumulating with a driving test;
- Intermediate Stage: limiting unsupervised driving in high risk situations; and
- Full Privilege Stage: a standard driver's license.
During the 1990s, many states began enacting GDL laws. The programs and types of restrictions vary from state to state. Below are some highlights:
- Cell Phones/Texting: 37 states and D.C. ban all cell phone use by novice drivers. (See GHSA's Cell Phone laws page for more information.)
- Nighttime Driving Restriction: All states except Vermont restrict nighttime driving during the intermediate stage.
- Passenger Restriction: 47 states and D.C. restrict the number of passengers during the intermediate stage.
- Novice Driver Decal: New Jersey is the only state with a measure requiring those younger than 21 without full-privilege licenses to display a decal on their vehicle identifying them as new drivers.
NOTE: GHSA does not compile any additional data on GDL laws other than what is presented here. For more information, consult the appropriate State Highway Safety Office (SHSO).
Sources: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety and SHSOs.
Last updated in May 2024. Laws last reviewed by SHSOs in March 2024.
Short Term Description
Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) programs allow young drivers to safely gain driving experience before obtaining full driving privileges.
Wyoming
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Wyoming
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 18
Wyoming
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months
Wyoming
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Wyoming
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
10 days
Wyoming
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Wyoming
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Wisconsin
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 9 months
Wisconsin
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
Wisconsin
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Wisconsin
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
30 (10)
Wisconsin
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Wisconsin
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m.
Wisconsin
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1
West Virginia
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10); 0 with driver's ed.
West Virginia
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
West Virginia
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
10 p.m. - 5 a.m.
West Virginia
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers under 20 Second 6 months: no more than one passenger under 20
West Virginia
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
West Virginia
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
West Virginia
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Washington
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
Washington
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 15 / 6 without driver's ed.
Washington
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Washington
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Washington
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Washington
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
1 a.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Washington
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers under 20 Remainder: no more than 3 passengers under 20 (secondary enforcement)
Virginia
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
Virginia
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
9
Virginia
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
45 (15)
Virginia
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 3
Virginia
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 4 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Virginia
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 12 months: no more than 1 under 21 (secondary enforcement) Thereafter: no more than 3 under 21 under certain conditions (secondary enforcement)
Virginia
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
Virgin Islands
Full Privilege Minimum Age
None
Virgin Islands
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Virgin Islands
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
None
Virgin Islands
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
None
Virgin Islands
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
None
Virgin Islands
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
None
Virgin Islands
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
None
Vermont
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months
Vermont
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Vermont
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
12
Vermont
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40 (10)
Vermont
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Vermont
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
No restriction
Vermont
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 3 months: no passengers Second 3 months: no passengers except family (secondary enforcement
Utah
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers (secondary enforcement)
Utah
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 17 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 6 months
Utah
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Utah
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
18
Utah
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40 (10)
Utah
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Utah
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m.
Texas
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
Texas
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Texas
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Texas
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
30 (10)
Texas
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Texas
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Texas
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 21 (secondary enforcement)
Tennessee
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Tennessee
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 6 a.m.
Tennessee
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1
Tennessee
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Tennessee
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Tennessee
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Tennessee
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
South Dakota
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years
South Dakota
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14
South Dakota
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
275* days (or 180 days after passing driver's ed.)
*effective July 1, 2021
South Dakota
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10 at night and 10 in inclement weather)*
*effective July 1, 2021
South Dakota
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14 + minimum of 6 months
South Dakota
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
10 p.m. - 6 a.m. (exemption for going directly to or from school event, work or church event and driving agricultural machinery)*
*effective July 1, 2021
South Dakota
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No passengers outside of household for first 6 months; 1 passenger outside of household after 6 months.*
*effective July 1, 2021
South Carolina
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
South Carolina
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40 (10)
South Carolina
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
South Carolina
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
EST: 6 p.m. - 6 a.m. EDT: 8 p.m. - 6 a.m.
South Carolina
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 2 under 21 unless to/from school
South Carolina
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months
South Carolina
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Rhode Island
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years, 6 months
Rhode Island
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Rhode Island
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Rhode Island
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Rhode Island
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 6
Rhode Island
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
1 a.m. - 5 a.m.
Rhode Island
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 12 months: no more than 1 under 21
Pennsylvania
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years with driver's ed. and 12 months free of crash or conviction 18 without driver's ed.
Pennsylvania
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Pennsylvania
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Pennsylvania
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
65 (10) + 5 in inclement weather
Pennsylvania
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 6
Pennsylvania
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Pennsylvania
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 18 Thereafter: no more than 3 under 18
Oregon
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Oregon
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Oregon
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Oregon
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50; 100 without driver's ed.
Oregon
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Oregon
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m.
Oregon
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers under 20 Second 6 months: No more than 3 passengers under 20
Oklahoma
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months with driver's ed. 17 years without driver's ed.
Oklahoma
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6 with driver's ed; 15 without driver's ed
Oklahoma
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Oklahoma
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Oklahoma
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Oklahoma
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
10 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Oklahoma
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1
Ohio
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Age 16: Midnight - 6 a.m. Age 17: 1 a.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Ohio
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 12 months, no more than 1 unless supervised
Ohio
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 17 years
Ohio
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
Ohio
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Ohio
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Ohio
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Northern Mariana Islands
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16
Northern Mariana Islands
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
Northern Mariana Islands
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
None
Northern Mariana Islands
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
None
Northern Mariana Islands
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
n/a
Northern Mariana Islands
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
n/a
Northern Mariana Islands
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
n/a
North Dakota
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 for drivers under 16; otherwise none
North Dakota
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16; 15 for a parent-requested restricted license (restricted license may only operate a vehicle owned by their parents or legal guardian and may not drive a car with more passengers than the vehicle's manufacturer recommends)
North Dakota
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Sunset or 9 p.m. (whichever is later) - 5 a.m.
North Dakota
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No restriction (other than vehicle manufacturer recommendations)
North Dakota
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years
North Dakota
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14
North Dakota
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
12 for drivers under 16; otherwise, 6 months or until age 18 (whichever comes first)
North Carolina
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months
North Carolina
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
North Carolina
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
North Carolina
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
60 (10) during Learner Stage 2 (6) during Intermediate Stage
North Carolina
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
North Carolina
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
9 p.m. - 5 a.m.
North Carolina
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 21; if passenger under 21 is family, no other non-family passengers under 21
New York
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
New York
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
New York
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (15)
New York
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 6
New York
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
9 p.m. - 5 a.m. except NYC (unsupervised driving prohibited at all times) and Long Island (limited daytime unsupervised allowed)
New York
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 21
New York
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years with driver's ed. 18 years without driver's ed.
New Mexico
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months
New Mexico
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
New Mexico
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
New Mexico
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
New Mexico
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
New Mexico
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m.
New Mexico
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 21
New Jersey
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
New Jersey
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
New Jersey
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
New Jersey
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
None
New Jersey
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
17
New Jersey
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
New Jersey
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 (exception limited to drivers' dependents)
New Hampshire
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 25
New Hampshire
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 17 years, 1 month Driving with passengers: 16 years, 6 months
New Hampshire
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
New Hampshire
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
None
New Hampshire
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40 (10)
New Hampshire
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
New Hampshire
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
1 a.m. - 4 a.m.
Nevada
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 6 months
Nevada
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
Nevada
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Nevada
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10); 100 (10) if driver's ed not offered within 30 miles
Nevada
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Nevada
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
10 p.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Nevada
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers under 18 (secondary enforcement)
Nebraska
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Nebraska
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 6 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Nebraska
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 19 (secondary enforcement)
Nebraska
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 17 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 6 months
Nebraska
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Nebraska
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Nebraska
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10); 0 with driver's ed.
Montana
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years
Montana
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14 / 6
Montana
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Montana
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Montana
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Montana
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Montana
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 18 Second 6 months: no more than 3 under 18
Missouri
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Missouri
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40 (10)
Missouri
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Missouri
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
1 a.m. - 5 a.m.
Missouri
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 19 Thereafter: no more than 3 under 19
Missouri
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
Missouri
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Mississippi
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
Mississippi
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Mississippi
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
12
Mississippi
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
None
Mississippi
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Mississippi
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Sun-Thurs: 10 p.m. - 6 a.m. Fri-Sat: 11:30 p.m. - 6 a.m.
Mississippi
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
None
Minnesota
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 16 years, 6 months Driving with passengers: 17
Minnesota
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Minnesota
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Minnesota
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (15) or 40 (15) if parent completes 90 minute class
Minnesota
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Minnesota
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m.
Minnesota
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 20 Second 6 months: no more than 3 under 20
Michigan
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Michigan
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14 / 9
Michigan
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Michigan
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Michigan
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Michigan
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
10 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Michigan
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 21
Massachusetts
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 17 years
Massachusetts
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Massachusetts
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Massachusetts
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40; 30 with advanced driver training
Massachusetts
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 6
Massachusetts
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
12:30 a.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement 12:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. and 4 a.m. - 5 a.m.)
Massachusetts
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers under 18
Maryland
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m.
Maryland
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 5 months: no passengers under 18 (secondary enforcement)
Maryland
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 11 months
Maryland
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 9
Maryland
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
9
Maryland
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
60 (10)
Maryland
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 6
Maine
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years
Maine
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Maine
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Maine
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
70 (10)
Maine
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Maine
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m.
Maine
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 270 days: no passengers
Louisiana
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (15)
Louisiana
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Louisiana
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Louisiana
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 21 between 6 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Louisiana
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Louisiana
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Louisiana
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Kentucky
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Kentucky
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Kentucky
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Kentucky
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
60 (10)
Kentucky
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 6
Kentucky
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 6 a.m.
Kentucky
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 20 unless supervised by instructor (secondary enforcement)
Kansas
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14
Kansas
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
12
Kansas
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Kansas
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 (at 15, can drive without supervision to and from work or school)
Kansas
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
First 6 months: 9 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Kansas
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 non-sibling
Kansas
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months
Iowa
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Iowa
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14
Iowa
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
12
Iowa
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
20 (2) during Learner Stage 10 (2) during Intermediate Stage
Iowa
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Iowa
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
12:30 a.m. - 5 a.m.
Iowa
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 18, parents may waive
Indiana
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 9 months with drivers ed.; 17 years, 3 months without driver's ed.
Indiana
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 with driver's ed. 16 without driver's ed.
Indiana
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Indiana
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Indiana
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 3 with driver's ed. 16 / 9 without driver's ed.
Indiana
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
First 180 days: 10 p.m. - 5 a.m. After 180 days: 11 p.m. - 5 a.m. (Sun-Thurs); 1 a.m. - 5 a.m. (Fri-Sat)
Indiana
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 180 days: no passengers
Illinois
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 12 months: no more than 1 under 20
Illinois
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 17 years
Illinois
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Illinois
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
9
Illinois
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Illinois
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Illinois
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Sun-Thurs: 10 p.m. - 6 a.m Fri-Sat: 11 p.m. - 6 a.m.
Idaho
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 16 Driving with passengers: 15 years, 6 months
Idaho
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14 / 6
Idaho
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Idaho
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Idaho
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Idaho
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
10 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Idaho
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 17
Hawaii
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Hawaii
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Hawaii
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 18
Hawaii
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Hawaii
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
Hawaii
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Hawaii
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Guam
Full Privilege Minimum Age
No data
Guam
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Guam
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
No data
Guam
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
No data
Georgia
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
Georgia
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Georgia
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
12
Georgia
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40 (6); 0 with behind the wheel training
Georgia
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Georgia
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Georgia
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers Second 6 months: no more than 1 passenger under 21 Thereafter: No more than 3 passengers (secondary enforcement)
Florida
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
None
Florida
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
Florida
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Florida
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
12
Florida
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Florida
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Florida
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Age 16: 11 p.m. - 6 a.m. Age 17: 1 a.m. - 5 a.m.
District of Columbia
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
District of Columbia
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
District of Columbia
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
District of Columbia
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40 (10 in intermediate stage)
District of Columbia
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 6
District of Columbia
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
September through June: 11 p.m. - 6 a.m. (Sun-Thurs); Midnight - 6 a.m. (Fri-Sat) July through August: midnight - 6 a.m.
District of Columbia
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers Thereafter: No more than 2 passengers under 21
Delaware
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 6
Delaware
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
10 p.m. - 6 a.m.
Delaware
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 (law also includes a seat belt provision: if a teen driver w/ permit or their passenger <18 is found unbelted, the permit holder's license suspended for 2 months)
Delaware
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Delaware
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Delaware
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Delaware
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Connecticut
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime Driving: 18 Driving with Passengers: 17 years, 4 months
Connecticut
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Connecticut
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
4 with driver's ed 6 without driver's ed
Connecticut
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40
Connecticut
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 4
Connecticut
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Connecticut
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers except parents or instructor Second 6 months: no passengers except parents, instructor or immediate family
Colorado
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
12
Colorado
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Colorado
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Colorado
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Colorado
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers Second 6 months: no more than one passenger (secondary enforcement)
Colorado
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Colorado
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 with driver's ed 15 / 6 with driver awareness program 16 without driver's ed. or program
California
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
California
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
California
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
California
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
California
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
California
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
California
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 12 months: No passengers under 20 (secondary enforcement) unless accompanied by a licensed driver who is the licensee’s parent or guardian, a licensed driver who is 25 years or older, or a licensed or certified driving instructor.
Arkansas
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
Arkansas
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14
Arkansas
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Arkansas
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
None
Arkansas
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Arkansas
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 4 a.m.
Arkansas
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 21
Arizona
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months
Arizona
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
Arizona
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Arizona
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
30 (10); 20 (6) with defensive driving course; 0 with driver's ed.
Arizona
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Arizona
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Arizona
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 18 (secondary enforcement)
Alaska
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months
Alaska
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14
Alaska
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Alaska
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40 (10)
Alaska
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Alaska
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
1 a.m. - 5 a.m.
Alaska
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers under 21
Alabama
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 6 a.m.
Alabama
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1
Alabama
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17
Alabama
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Alabama
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Alabama
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50; 0 with driver's ed.
Alabama
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Ford DSFL Teen Driving Grant Results: Alabama
The Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs (ADECA) was one of GHSA and Ford Driving Skills For Life's 2016 teen safe driving grant recipients. Through this grant, ADECA was able to organize four safe driving events at high schools throughout the state, entitled "No Crash Course."
Lesson Learned: South Dakota Teen Driver Safety
South Dakota's Office of Highway Safety used peer-to-peer education as the basis for its Lesson Learned program, which is now in its second year.
Ford DSFL Teen Driving Grant Results: Maryland
As one of the recipients of GHSA and Ford Driving Skills for Life’s 2016 teen safe driving grants, the Maryland Department of Transportation’s Highway Safety Office (MHSO) was able to host a series of one-day high school programs throughout the state to educate students on safe driving.
Ford DSFL Teen Driving Grant Results: Kentucky
The Kentucky Office of Highway Safety (KOHS) was a recipient of GHSA and Ford Driving Skills for Life's 2016 teen safe driving grants. Through this grant, KOHS was able to host a Teen Driver Safety Day at the 2016 Kentucky State Fair.
National Organizations Bring State-Level Recognition to Student Traffic Safety Projects
Funded by Ford DSFL, this partnership provides opportunity for FCCLA members to connect directly with GHSA Representatives in their state, through participation in FCCLA's FACTS national program.
Ford DSFL Teen Driving Grant Results: Indiana
Having received a teen safe driving grant from Ford Driving Skills for Life and GHSA in 2016, the Indiana Criminal Justice Institute (ICJI) was able to teach teens the importance of seat belt use through a state-wide contest.
Ford DSFL Teen Driving Grant Results: Georgia
With a grant from Ford DSFL, Georgia GOHS hosted a one-day, hands-on driving skills event for teens and their parents in the form of a "roadeo."
Ford Driving Skills for Life
The award-winning Ford Driving Skills for Life (Ford DSFL) program helps teens build skills in key areas - vehicle handling, hazard recognition and speed and space management. The program features hands-on driving events with enhanced safety protocols, and a website with resources for teens and their parents.
Teen Driver Safety
Teen and new driver inexperience, coupled with immaturity, often results in risk-taking behaviors that contribute to an increased death rate