Free driving clinic teaches teens to drive safely
Ford Driving Skills for Life hosted four sessions of its teen driver safety training in Columbus, Ohio.
Teen and Novice Drivers
Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) programs allow young drivers to safely gain driving experience before obtaining full driving privileges. Most programs include three stages:
- Learner Stage: supervised driving, cumulating with a driving test;
- Intermediate Stage: limiting unsupervised driving in high risk situations; and
- Full Privilege Stage: a standard driver's license.
During the 1990s, many states began enacting GDL laws. The programs and types of restrictions vary from state to state. Below are some highlights:
- Cell Phones/Texting: 37 states and D.C. ban all cell phone use by novice drivers. (See GHSA's Cell Phone laws page for more information.)
- Nighttime Driving Restriction: All states except Vermont restrict nighttime driving during the intermediate stage.
- Passenger Restriction: 47 states and D.C. restrict the number of passengers during the intermediate stage.
- Novice Driver Decal: New Jersey is the only state with a measure requiring those younger than 21 without full-privilege licenses to display a decal on their vehicle identifying them as new drivers.
NOTE: GHSA does not compile any additional data on GDL laws other than what is presented here. For more information, consult the appropriate State Highway Safety Office (SHSO).
Sources: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety and SHSOs.
Last updated in May 2024. Laws last reviewed by SHSOs in March 2024.
Short Term Description
Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) programs allow young drivers to safely gain driving experience before obtaining full driving privileges.
Wyoming
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Wyoming
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
10 days
Wyoming
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Wyoming
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Wyoming
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Wyoming
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 18
Wyoming
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months
Wisconsin
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 9 months
Wisconsin
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
Wisconsin
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Wisconsin
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
30 (10)
Wisconsin
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Wisconsin
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m.
Wisconsin
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1
West Virginia
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
West Virginia
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
West Virginia
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
West Virginia
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10); 0 with driver's ed.
West Virginia
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
West Virginia
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
10 p.m. - 5 a.m.
West Virginia
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers under 20 Second 6 months: no more than one passenger under 20
Washington
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers under 20 Remainder: no more than 3 passengers under 20 (secondary enforcement)
Washington
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
Washington
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 15 / 6 without driver's ed.
Washington
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Washington
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Washington
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Washington
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
1 a.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Virginia
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
Virginia
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
Virginia
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
9
Virginia
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
45 (15)
Virginia
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 3
Virginia
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 4 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Virginia
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 12 months: no more than 1 under 21 (secondary enforcement) Thereafter: no more than 3 under 21 under certain conditions (secondary enforcement)
Virgin Islands
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
None
Virgin Islands
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
None
Virgin Islands
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
None
Virgin Islands
Full Privilege Minimum Age
None
Virgin Islands
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Virgin Islands
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
None
Virgin Islands
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
None
Vermont
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months
Vermont
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Vermont
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
12
Vermont
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40 (10)
Vermont
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Vermont
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
No restriction
Vermont
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 3 months: no passengers Second 3 months: no passengers except family (secondary enforcement
Utah
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
18
Utah
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40 (10)
Utah
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Utah
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m.
Utah
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers (secondary enforcement)
Utah
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 17 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 6 months
Utah
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Texas
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
Texas
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Texas
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Texas
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
30 (10)
Texas
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Texas
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Texas
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 21 (secondary enforcement)
Tennessee
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Tennessee
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Tennessee
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Tennessee
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Tennessee
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Tennessee
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 6 a.m.
Tennessee
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1
South Dakota
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years
South Dakota
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14
South Dakota
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
275* days (or 180 days after passing driver's ed.)
*effective July 1, 2021
South Dakota
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10 at night and 10 in inclement weather)*
*effective July 1, 2021
South Dakota
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14 + minimum of 6 months
South Dakota
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
10 p.m. - 6 a.m. (exemption for going directly to or from school event, work or church event and driving agricultural machinery)*
*effective July 1, 2021
South Dakota
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No passengers outside of household for first 6 months; 1 passenger outside of household after 6 months.*
*effective July 1, 2021
South Carolina
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months
South Carolina
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
South Carolina
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
South Carolina
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40 (10)
South Carolina
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
South Carolina
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
EST: 6 p.m. - 6 a.m. EDT: 8 p.m. - 6 a.m.
South Carolina
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 2 under 21 unless to/from school
Rhode Island
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
1 a.m. - 5 a.m.
Rhode Island
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 12 months: no more than 1 under 21
Rhode Island
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years, 6 months
Rhode Island
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Rhode Island
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Rhode Island
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Rhode Island
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 6
Pennsylvania
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years with driver's ed. and 12 months free of crash or conviction 18 without driver's ed.
Pennsylvania
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Pennsylvania
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Pennsylvania
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
65 (10) + 5 in inclement weather
Pennsylvania
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 6
Pennsylvania
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Pennsylvania
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 18 Thereafter: no more than 3 under 18
Oregon
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50; 100 without driver's ed.
Oregon
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Oregon
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m.
Oregon
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers under 20 Second 6 months: No more than 3 passengers under 20
Oregon
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Oregon
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Oregon
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Oklahoma
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months with driver's ed. 17 years without driver's ed.
Oklahoma
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6 with driver's ed; 15 without driver's ed
Oklahoma
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Oklahoma
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Oklahoma
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Oklahoma
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
10 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Oklahoma
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1
Ohio
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
Ohio
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Ohio
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Ohio
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Ohio
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Age 16: Midnight - 6 a.m. Age 17: 1 a.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Ohio
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 12 months, no more than 1 unless supervised
Ohio
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 17 years
Northern Mariana Islands
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16
Northern Mariana Islands
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
Northern Mariana Islands
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
None
Northern Mariana Islands
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
None
Northern Mariana Islands
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
n/a
Northern Mariana Islands
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
n/a
Northern Mariana Islands
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
n/a
North Dakota
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years
North Dakota
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14
North Dakota
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
12 for drivers under 16; otherwise, 6 months or until age 18 (whichever comes first)
North Dakota
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 for drivers under 16; otherwise none
North Dakota
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16; 15 for a parent-requested restricted license (restricted license may only operate a vehicle owned by their parents or legal guardian and may not drive a car with more passengers than the vehicle's manufacturer recommends)
North Dakota
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Sunset or 9 p.m. (whichever is later) - 5 a.m.
North Dakota
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No restriction (other than vehicle manufacturer recommendations)
North Carolina
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 21; if passenger under 21 is family, no other non-family passengers under 21
North Carolina
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months
North Carolina
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
North Carolina
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
North Carolina
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
60 (10) during Learner Stage 2 (6) during Intermediate Stage
North Carolina
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
North Carolina
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
9 p.m. - 5 a.m.
New York
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years with driver's ed. 18 years without driver's ed.
New York
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
New York
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
New York
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (15)
New York
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 6
New York
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
9 p.m. - 5 a.m. except NYC (unsupervised driving prohibited at all times) and Long Island (limited daytime unsupervised allowed)
New York
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 21
New Mexico
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
New Mexico
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m.
New Mexico
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 21
New Mexico
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months
New Mexico
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
New Mexico
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
New Mexico
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
New Jersey
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
New Jersey
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
New Jersey
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
New Jersey
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
None
New Jersey
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
17
New Jersey
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
New Jersey
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 (exception limited to drivers' dependents)
New Hampshire
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
None
New Hampshire
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40 (10)
New Hampshire
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
New Hampshire
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
1 a.m. - 4 a.m.
New Hampshire
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 25
New Hampshire
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 17 years, 1 month Driving with passengers: 16 years, 6 months
New Hampshire
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
Nevada
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 6 months
Nevada
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
Nevada
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Nevada
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10); 100 (10) if driver's ed not offered within 30 miles
Nevada
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Nevada
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
10 p.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Nevada
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers under 18 (secondary enforcement)
Nebraska
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 17 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 6 months
Nebraska
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Nebraska
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Nebraska
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10); 0 with driver's ed.
Nebraska
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Nebraska
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 6 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Nebraska
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 19 (secondary enforcement)
Montana
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years
Montana
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14 / 6
Montana
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Montana
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Montana
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Montana
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Montana
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 18 Second 6 months: no more than 3 under 18
Missouri
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
Missouri
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Missouri
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Missouri
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40 (10)
Missouri
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Missouri
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
1 a.m. - 5 a.m.
Missouri
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 19 Thereafter: no more than 3 under 19
Mississippi
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Sun-Thurs: 10 p.m. - 6 a.m. Fri-Sat: 11:30 p.m. - 6 a.m.
Mississippi
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
None
Mississippi
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
Mississippi
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Mississippi
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
12
Mississippi
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
None
Mississippi
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Minnesota
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 16 years, 6 months Driving with passengers: 17
Minnesota
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Minnesota
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Minnesota
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (15) or 40 (15) if parent completes 90 minute class
Minnesota
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Minnesota
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m.
Minnesota
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 20 Second 6 months: no more than 3 under 20
Michigan
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Michigan
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Michigan
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
10 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Michigan
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 21
Michigan
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Michigan
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14 / 9
Michigan
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Massachusetts
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 17 years
Massachusetts
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Massachusetts
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Massachusetts
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40; 30 with advanced driver training
Massachusetts
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 6
Massachusetts
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
12:30 a.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement 12:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. and 4 a.m. - 5 a.m.)
Massachusetts
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers under 18
Maryland
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 9
Maryland
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
9
Maryland
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
60 (10)
Maryland
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 6
Maryland
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m.
Maryland
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 5 months: no passengers under 18 (secondary enforcement)
Maryland
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 11 months
Maine
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years
Maine
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Maine
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Maine
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
70 (10)
Maine
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Maine
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m.
Maine
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 270 days: no passengers
Louisiana
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Louisiana
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Louisiana
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Louisiana
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (15)
Louisiana
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Louisiana
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Louisiana
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 21 between 6 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Kentucky
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 20 unless supervised by instructor (secondary enforcement)
Kentucky
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Kentucky
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Kentucky
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Kentucky
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
60 (10)
Kentucky
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 6
Kentucky
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 6 a.m.
Kansas
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months
Kansas
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14
Kansas
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
12
Kansas
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Kansas
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 (at 15, can drive without supervision to and from work or school)
Kansas
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
First 6 months: 9 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Kansas
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 non-sibling
Iowa
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Iowa
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
12:30 a.m. - 5 a.m.
Iowa
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 18, parents may waive
Iowa
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Iowa
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14
Iowa
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
12
Iowa
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
20 (2) during Learner Stage 10 (2) during Intermediate Stage
Indiana
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 9 months with drivers ed.; 17 years, 3 months without driver's ed.
Indiana
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 with driver's ed. 16 without driver's ed.
Indiana
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Indiana
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Indiana
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 3 with driver's ed. 16 / 9 without driver's ed.
Indiana
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
First 180 days: 10 p.m. - 5 a.m. After 180 days: 11 p.m. - 5 a.m. (Sun-Thurs); 1 a.m. - 5 a.m. (Fri-Sat)
Indiana
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 180 days: no passengers
Illinois
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
9
Illinois
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Illinois
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Illinois
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Sun-Thurs: 10 p.m. - 6 a.m Fri-Sat: 11 p.m. - 6 a.m.
Illinois
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 12 months: no more than 1 under 20
Illinois
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 17 years
Illinois
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Idaho
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime driving: 16 Driving with passengers: 15 years, 6 months
Idaho
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14 / 6
Idaho
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Idaho
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Idaho
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Idaho
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
10 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Idaho
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 17
Hawaii
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Hawaii
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
Hawaii
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Hawaii
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Hawaii
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Hawaii
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Hawaii
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 18
Guam
Full Privilege Minimum Age
No data
Guam
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Guam
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
No data
Guam
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
No data
Georgia
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
Georgia
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Georgia
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
12
Georgia
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40 (6); 0 with behind the wheel training
Georgia
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Georgia
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Georgia
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers Second 6 months: no more than 1 passenger under 21 Thereafter: No more than 3 passengers (secondary enforcement)
Florida
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
12
Florida
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Florida
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Florida
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Age 16: 11 p.m. - 6 a.m. Age 17: 1 a.m. - 5 a.m.
Florida
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
None
Florida
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
Florida
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
District of Columbia
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
District of Columbia
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
District of Columbia
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
District of Columbia
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40 (10 in intermediate stage)
District of Columbia
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 6
District of Columbia
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
September through June: 11 p.m. - 6 a.m. (Sun-Thurs); Midnight - 6 a.m. (Fri-Sat) July through August: midnight - 6 a.m.
District of Columbia
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers Thereafter: No more than 2 passengers under 21
Delaware
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Delaware
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Delaware
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Delaware
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Delaware
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 6
Delaware
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
10 p.m. - 6 a.m.
Delaware
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 (law also includes a seat belt provision: if a teen driver w/ permit or their passenger <18 is found unbelted, the permit holder's license suspended for 2 months)
Connecticut
Full Privilege Minimum Age
Nighttime Driving: 18 Driving with Passengers: 17 years, 4 months
Connecticut
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Connecticut
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
4 with driver's ed 6 without driver's ed
Connecticut
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40
Connecticut
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16 / 4
Connecticut
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 5 a.m.
Connecticut
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers except parents or instructor Second 6 months: no passengers except parents, instructor or immediate family
Colorado
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
Colorado
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 with driver's ed 15 / 6 with driver awareness program 16 without driver's ed. or program
Colorado
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
12
Colorado
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
Colorado
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Colorado
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Colorado
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers Second 6 months: no more than one passenger (secondary enforcement)
California
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
California
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 12 months: No passengers under 20 (secondary enforcement) unless accompanied by a licensed driver who is the licensee’s parent or guardian, a licensed driver who is 25 years or older, or a licensed or certified driving instructor.
California
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17 years
California
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
California
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
California
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50 (10)
California
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Arkansas
Full Privilege Minimum Age
18 years
Arkansas
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14
Arkansas
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Arkansas
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
None
Arkansas
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Arkansas
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
11 p.m. - 4 a.m.
Arkansas
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1 under 21
Arizona
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
30 (10); 20 (6) with defensive driving course; 0 with driver's ed.
Arizona
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Arizona
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)
Arizona
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no more than 1 under 18 (secondary enforcement)
Arizona
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months
Arizona
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15 / 6
Arizona
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Alaska
Full Privilege Minimum Age
16 years, 6 months
Alaska
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
14
Alaska
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Alaska
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
40 (10)
Alaska
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Alaska
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
1 a.m. - 5 a.m.
Alaska
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
First 6 months: no passengers under 21
Alabama
Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
15
Alabama
Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)
6
Alabama
Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)
50; 0 with driver's ed.
Alabama
Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)
16
Alabama
Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction
Midnight - 6 a.m.
Alabama
Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)
No more than 1
Alabama
Full Privilege Minimum Age
17
Ford DSFL and NRSF Grant Results: Montana
In 2018, Montana’s State Highway Traffic Safety Office (SHTSS) was awarded grants by both Ford Driving Skills for Life and The National Road Safety Foundation, Inc.'s partnerships with GHSA. With these funds, SHTSS launched a statewide contest between Family, Career, and Community Leaders of America (FCCLA) chapters to create peer-to-peer teen safe driving campaigns, with an emphasis on drowsy driving.
New Holland girl wins $10K in highway safety's "Lesson Learned SD" program
The winner of the South Dakota's annual "Lessons Learned SD" teen driver safety contest has been announced. South Dakota Office of Highway Safety Director Lee Axdahl discusses the contest's impact.
New Holland girl wins $10K in highway safety's "Lesson Learned SD" program
May 24, 2019
Peer-to-Peer Teen Traffic Safety Program Guide
As traffic crashes remain the leading cause of death for teens and young adults, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's "Peer-to-Peer Teen Traffic Safety Program Guide," prepared by GHSA, examines the components of successful peer-to-peer programs.
New Guide Helps States Implement Successful Peer-to-Peer Initiatives
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
April 11, 2019
CONTACT: Madison Forker, 202-580-7930
Driving Skills for Life advocates safety
As prom season approaches, Ford Driving Skills for Life visited students in Pennsylvania to encourage safe driving behaviors including refraining from getting behind the wheel impaired or distracted.
Driving Skills for Life advocates safety
Story by Russ O'Reilly
March 27, 2019
Ford Driving Skills for Life Celebrates 16 Years of Safety Training
2019 marks Ford Driving Skills for Life's "Sweet 16." As a new national tour kicks off, Ford DSFL is adding to the mix a new drowsy driving suit, programming on the unique needs of rural areas, and modules on vehicle safety technology.
Ford DSFL Teen Driving Grant Results: Delaware
With funding from Ford Driving Skills for Life and GHSA, the Delaware Office of Highway Safety co-hosted a Global Youth Traffic Safety Month event with the National Transportation Safety Board.
White Lake High School receives $10K from 'Lesson Learned SD' Program
The South Dakota Office of Highway Safety has completed another year of its "Lessons Learned SD" campaign, which encourages young drivers to watch and respond to safe driving videos. Office of Highway Safety Director and GHSA Treasurer Lee Axdahl comments on the campaign.
Ford DSFL Teen Driving Grant Results: Montana
With a grant from Ford DSFL, Montana DOT launched a grant program for students to design and implement traffic safety projects in their own communities.