Teen and Novice Drivers

Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) programs allow young drivers to safely gain driving experience before obtaining full driving privileges. Most programs include three stages:

Learner Stage: supervised driving, cumulating with a driving test;
Intermediate Stage: limiting unsupervised driving in high risk situations; and
Full Privilege Stage: a standard driver's license.

During the 1990s, many states began enacting GDL laws. The programs and types of restrictions vary from state to state. Below are some highlights:

Cell Phones/Texting: 37 states and D.C. ban all cell phone use by novice drivers. (See GHSA's Cell Phone laws page for more information.)
Nighttime Driving Restriction: All states except Vermont restrict nighttime driving during the intermediate stage.
Passenger Restriction: 47 states and D.C. restrict the number of passengers during the intermediate stage.
Novice Driver Decal: New Jersey is the only state with a measure requiring those younger than 21 without full-privilege licenses to display a decal on their vehicle identifying them as new drivers.

NOTE: GHSA does not compile any additional data on GDL laws other than what is presented here. For more information, consult the appropriate State Highway Safety Office (SHSO).

Sources: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety and SHSOs.

Last updated in May 2024. Laws last reviewed by SHSOs in March 2024.

Short Term Description

Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) programs allow young drivers to safely gain driving experience before obtaining full driving privileges.

Wyoming

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Wyoming

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

10 days

Wyoming

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

Wyoming

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Wyoming

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

11 p.m. - 5 a.m.

Wyoming

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1 under 18

Wyoming

Full Privilege Minimum Age

16 years, 6 months

Wisconsin

Full Privilege Minimum Age

16 years, 9 months

Wisconsin

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15 / 6

Wisconsin

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Wisconsin

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

30 (10)

Wisconsin

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Wisconsin

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Midnight - 5 a.m.

Wisconsin

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1

West Virginia

Full Privilege Minimum Age

17 years

West Virginia

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

West Virginia

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

West Virginia

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10); 0 with driver's ed.

West Virginia

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

West Virginia

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

10 p.m. - 5 a.m.

West Virginia

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no passengers under 20 Second 6 months: no more than one passenger under 20

Washington

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no passengers under 20 Remainder: no more than 3 passengers under 20 (secondary enforcement)

Washington

Full Privilege Minimum Age

18 years

Washington

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15 15 / 6 without driver's ed.

Washington

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Washington

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

Washington

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Washington

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

1 a.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)

Virginia

Full Privilege Minimum Age

18 years

Virginia

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15 / 6

Virginia

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Virginia

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

45 (15)

Virginia

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

16 / 3

Virginia

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Midnight - 4 a.m. (secondary enforcement)

Virginia

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 12 months: no more than 1 under 21 (secondary enforcement) Thereafter: no more than 3 under 21 under certain conditions (secondary enforcement)

Virgin Islands

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

None

Virgin Islands

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

None

Virgin Islands

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

None

Virgin Islands

Full Privilege Minimum Age

None

Virgin Islands

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Virgin Islands

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

None

Virgin Islands

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

None

Vermont

Full Privilege Minimum Age

16 years, 6 months

Vermont

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Vermont

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Vermont

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

40 (10)

Vermont

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Vermont

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

No restriction

Vermont

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 3 months: no passengers Second 3 months: no passengers except family (secondary enforcement

Utah

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Utah

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

40 (10)

Utah

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Utah

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Midnight - 5 a.m.

Utah

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no passengers (secondary enforcement)

Utah

Full Privilege Minimum Age

Nighttime driving: 17 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 6 months

Utah

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Texas

Full Privilege Minimum Age

18 years

Texas

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Texas

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Texas

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

30 (10)

Texas

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Texas

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Midnight - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)

Texas

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1 under 21 (secondary enforcement)

Tennessee

Full Privilege Minimum Age

17 years

Tennessee

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Tennessee

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Tennessee

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

Tennessee

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Tennessee

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

11 p.m. - 6 a.m.

Tennessee

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1

South Dakota

Full Privilege Minimum Age

16 years

South Dakota

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

South Dakota

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

275* days (or 180 days after passing driver's ed.)
*effective July 1, 2021

South Dakota

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10 at night and 10 in inclement weather)*
*effective July 1, 2021

South Dakota

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

14 + minimum of 6 months

South Dakota

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

10 p.m. - 6 a.m. (exemption for going directly to or from school event, work or church event and driving agricultural machinery)*
*effective July 1, 2021

South Dakota

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No passengers outside of household for first 6 months; 1 passenger outside of household after 6 months.*
*effective July 1, 2021

South Carolina

Full Privilege Minimum Age

16 years, 6 months

South Carolina

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

South Carolina

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

South Carolina

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

40 (10)

South Carolina

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15 / 6

South Carolina

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

EST: 6 p.m. - 6 a.m. EDT: 8 p.m. - 6 a.m.

South Carolina

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 2 under 21 unless to/from school

Rhode Island

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

1 a.m. - 5 a.m.

Rhode Island

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 12 months: no more than 1 under 21

Rhode Island

Full Privilege Minimum Age

17 years, 6 months

Rhode Island

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Rhode Island

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Rhode Island

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

Rhode Island

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

16 / 6

Pennsylvania

Full Privilege Minimum Age

17 years with driver's ed. and 12 months free of crash or conviction 18 without driver's ed.

Pennsylvania

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Pennsylvania

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Pennsylvania

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

65 (10) + 5 in inclement weather

Pennsylvania

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

16 / 6

Pennsylvania

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

11 p.m. - 5 a.m.

Pennsylvania

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no more than 1 under 18 Thereafter: no more than 3 under 18

Oregon

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50; 100 without driver's ed.

Oregon

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Oregon

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Midnight - 5 a.m.

Oregon

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no passengers under 20 Second 6 months: No more than 3 passengers under 20

Oregon

Full Privilege Minimum Age

17 years

Oregon

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Oregon

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Oklahoma

Full Privilege Minimum Age

16 years, 6 months with driver's ed. 17 years without driver's ed.

Oklahoma

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15 / 6 with driver's ed; 15 without driver's ed

Oklahoma

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Oklahoma

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

Oklahoma

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Oklahoma

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

10 p.m. - 5 a.m.

Oklahoma

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1

Ohio

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15 / 6

Ohio

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Ohio

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

Ohio

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Ohio

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Age 16: Midnight - 6 a.m. Age 17: 1 a.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)

Ohio

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 12 months, no more than 1 unless supervised

Ohio

Full Privilege Minimum Age

Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 17 years

Northern Mariana Islands

Full Privilege Minimum Age

Northern Mariana Islands

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15 / 6

Northern Mariana Islands

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

None

Northern Mariana Islands

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

None

Northern Mariana Islands

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

n/a

Northern Mariana Islands

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

n/a

Northern Mariana Islands

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

n/a

North Dakota

Full Privilege Minimum Age

16 years

North Dakota

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

North Dakota

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

12 for drivers under 16; otherwise, 6 months or until age 18 (whichever comes first)

North Dakota

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 for drivers under 16; otherwise none

North Dakota

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

16; 15 for a parent-requested restricted license (restricted license may only operate a vehicle owned by their parents or legal guardian and may not drive a car with more passengers than the vehicle's manufacturer recommends)

North Dakota

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Sunset or 9 p.m. (whichever is later) - 5 a.m.

North Dakota

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No restriction (other than vehicle manufacturer recommendations)

North Carolina

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1 under 21; if passenger under 21 is family, no other non-family passengers under 21

North Carolina

Full Privilege Minimum Age

16 years, 6 months

North Carolina

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

North Carolina

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

North Carolina

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

60 (10) during Learner Stage 2 (6) during Intermediate Stage

North Carolina

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

North Carolina

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

9 p.m. - 5 a.m.

New York

Full Privilege Minimum Age

17 years with driver's ed. 18 years without driver's ed.

New York

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

New York

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

New York

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (15)

New York

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

16 / 6

New York

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

9 p.m. - 5 a.m. except NYC (unsupervised driving prohibited at all times) and Long Island (limited daytime unsupervised allowed)

New York

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1 under 21

New Mexico

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15 / 6

New Mexico

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Midnight - 5 a.m.

New Mexico

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1 under 21

New Mexico

Full Privilege Minimum Age

16 years, 6 months

New Mexico

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

New Mexico

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

New Mexico

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

New Jersey

Full Privilege Minimum Age

18 years

New Jersey

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

New Jersey

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

New Jersey

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

None

New Jersey

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

New Jersey

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

11 p.m. - 5 a.m.

New Jersey

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1 (exception limited to drivers' dependents)

New Hampshire

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

None

New Hampshire

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

40 (10)

New Hampshire

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

New Hampshire

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

1 a.m. - 4 a.m.

New Hampshire

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no more than 1 under 25

New Hampshire

Full Privilege Minimum Age

Nighttime driving: 17 years, 1 month Driving with passengers: 16 years, 6 months

New Hampshire

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15 / 6

Nevada

Full Privilege Minimum Age

Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 6 months

Nevada

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15 / 6

Nevada

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Nevada

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10); 100 (10) if driver's ed not offered within 30 miles

Nevada

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Nevada

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

10 p.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)

Nevada

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no passengers under 18 (secondary enforcement)

Nebraska

Full Privilege Minimum Age

Nighttime driving: 17 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 6 months

Nebraska

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Nebraska

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Nebraska

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10); 0 with driver's ed.

Nebraska

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Nebraska

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Midnight - 6 a.m. (secondary enforcement)

Nebraska

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no more than 1 under 19 (secondary enforcement)

Montana

Full Privilege Minimum Age

16 years

Montana

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

14 / 6

Montana

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Montana

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

Montana

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Montana

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

11 p.m. - 5 a.m.

Montana

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no more than 1 under 18 Second 6 months: no more than 3 under 18

Missouri

Full Privilege Minimum Age

18 years

Missouri

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Missouri

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Missouri

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

40 (10)

Missouri

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Missouri

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

1 a.m. - 5 a.m.

Missouri

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no more than 1 under 19 Thereafter: no more than 3 under 19

Mississippi

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Sun-Thurs: 10 p.m. - 6 a.m. Fri-Sat: 11:30 p.m. - 6 a.m.

Mississippi

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

None

Mississippi

Full Privilege Minimum Age

18 years

Mississippi

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Mississippi

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Mississippi

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

None

Mississippi

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Minnesota

Full Privilege Minimum Age

Nighttime driving: 16 years, 6 months Driving with passengers: 17

Minnesota

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Minnesota

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Minnesota

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (15) or 40 (15) if parent completes 90 minute class

Minnesota

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Minnesota

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Midnight - 5 a.m.

Minnesota

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no more than 1 under 20 Second 6 months: no more than 3 under 20

Michigan

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

Michigan

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Michigan

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

10 p.m. - 5 a.m.

Michigan

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1 under 21

Michigan

Full Privilege Minimum Age

17 years

Michigan

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

14 / 9

Michigan

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Massachusetts

Full Privilege Minimum Age

Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 17 years

Massachusetts

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Massachusetts

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Massachusetts

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

40; 30 with advanced driver training

Massachusetts

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

16 / 6

Massachusetts

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

12:30 a.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement 12:30 a.m. - 1 a.m. and 4 a.m. - 5 a.m.)

Massachusetts

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no passengers under 18

Maryland

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15 / 9

Maryland

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Maryland

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

60 (10)

Maryland

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

16 / 6

Maryland

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Midnight - 5 a.m.

Maryland

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 5 months: no passengers under 18 (secondary enforcement)

Maryland

Full Privilege Minimum Age

Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 11 months

Maine

Full Privilege Minimum Age

16 years

Maine

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Maine

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Maine

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

70 (10)

Maine

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Maine

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Midnight - 5 a.m.

Maine

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 270 days: no passengers

Louisiana

Full Privilege Minimum Age

17 years

Louisiana

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Louisiana

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Louisiana

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (15)

Louisiana

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Louisiana

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

11 p.m. - 5 a.m.

Louisiana

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1 under 21 between 6 p.m. - 5 a.m.

Kentucky

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1 under 20 unless supervised by instructor (secondary enforcement)

Kentucky

Full Privilege Minimum Age

17 years

Kentucky

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Kentucky

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Kentucky

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

60 (10)

Kentucky

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

16 / 6

Kentucky

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Midnight - 6 a.m.

Kansas

Full Privilege Minimum Age

16 years, 6 months

Kansas

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Kansas

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Kansas

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

Kansas

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

16 (at 15, can drive without supervision to and from work or school)

Kansas

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

First 6 months: 9 p.m. - 5 a.m.

Kansas

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no more than 1 non-sibling

Iowa

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Iowa

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

12:30 a.m. - 5 a.m.

Iowa

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no more than 1 under 18, parents may waive

Iowa

Full Privilege Minimum Age

17 years

Iowa

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Iowa

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Iowa

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

20 (2) during Learner Stage 10 (2) during Intermediate Stage

Indiana

Full Privilege Minimum Age

Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 16 years, 9 months with drivers ed.; 17 years, 3 months without driver's ed.

Indiana

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15 with driver's ed. 16 without driver's ed.

Indiana

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Indiana

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

Indiana

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

16 / 3 with driver's ed. 16 / 9 without driver's ed.

Indiana

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

First 180 days: 10 p.m. - 5 a.m. After 180 days: 11 p.m. - 5 a.m. (Sun-Thurs); 1 a.m. - 5 a.m. (Fri-Sat)

Indiana

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 180 days: no passengers

Illinois

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Illinois

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

Illinois

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Illinois

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Sun-Thurs: 10 p.m. - 6 a.m Fri-Sat: 11 p.m. - 6 a.m.

Illinois

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 12 months: no more than 1 under 20

Illinois

Full Privilege Minimum Age

Nighttime driving: 18 years Driving with passengers: 17 years

Illinois

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Idaho

Full Privilege Minimum Age

Nighttime driving: 16 Driving with passengers: 15 years, 6 months

Idaho

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

14 / 6

Idaho

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Idaho

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

Idaho

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Idaho

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

10 p.m. - 5 a.m.

Idaho

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no more than 1 under 17

Hawaii

Full Privilege Minimum Age

17 years

Hawaii

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15 / 6

Hawaii

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Hawaii

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

Hawaii

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Hawaii

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

11 p.m. - 5 a.m.

Hawaii

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1 under 18

Guam

Full Privilege Minimum Age

No data

Guam

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Guam

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

No data

Guam

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

No data

Georgia

Full Privilege Minimum Age

18 years

Georgia

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Georgia

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Georgia

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

40 (6); 0 with behind the wheel training

Georgia

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Georgia

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Midnight - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)

Georgia

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no passengers Second 6 months: no more than 1 passenger under 21 Thereafter: No more than 3 passengers (secondary enforcement)

Florida

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Florida

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

Florida

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Florida

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Age 16: 11 p.m. - 6 a.m. Age 17: 1 a.m. - 5 a.m.

Florida

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

None

Florida

Full Privilege Minimum Age

18 years

Florida

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

District of Columbia

Full Privilege Minimum Age

18 years

District of Columbia

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

District of Columbia

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

District of Columbia

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

40 (10 in intermediate stage)

District of Columbia

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

16 / 6

District of Columbia

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

September through June: 11 p.m. - 6 a.m. (Sun-Thurs); Midnight - 6 a.m. (Fri-Sat) July through August: midnight - 6 a.m.

District of Columbia

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no passengers Thereafter: No more than 2 passengers under 21

Delaware

Full Privilege Minimum Age

17 years

Delaware

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Delaware

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Delaware

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

Delaware

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

16 / 6

Delaware

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

10 p.m. - 6 a.m.

Delaware

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1 (law also includes a seat belt provision: if a teen driver w/ permit or their passenger <18 is found unbelted, the permit holder's license suspended for 2 months)

Connecticut

Full Privilege Minimum Age

Nighttime Driving: 18 Driving with Passengers: 17 years, 4 months

Connecticut

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Connecticut

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

4 with driver's ed 6 without driver's ed

Connecticut

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

Connecticut

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

16 / 4

Connecticut

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

11 p.m. - 5 a.m.

Connecticut

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no passengers except parents or instructor Second 6 months: no passengers except parents, instructor or immediate family

Colorado

Full Privilege Minimum Age

17 years

Colorado

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15 with driver's ed 15 / 6 with driver awareness program 16 without driver's ed. or program

Colorado

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Colorado

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

Colorado

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Colorado

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Midnight - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)

Colorado

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no passengers Second 6 months: no more than one passenger (secondary enforcement)

California

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

11 p.m. - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)

California

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 12 months: No passengers under 20 (secondary enforcement) unless accompanied by a licensed driver who is the licensee’s parent or guardian, a licensed driver who is 25 years or older, or a licensed or certified driving instructor.

California

Full Privilege Minimum Age

17 years

California

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15 / 6

California

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

California

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50 (10)

California

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Arkansas

Full Privilege Minimum Age

18 years

Arkansas

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Arkansas

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Arkansas

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

None

Arkansas

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Arkansas

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

11 p.m. - 4 a.m.

Arkansas

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1 under 21

Arizona

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

30 (10); 20 (6) with defensive driving course; 0 with driver's ed.

Arizona

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Arizona

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Midnight - 5 a.m. (secondary enforcement)

Arizona

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no more than 1 under 18 (secondary enforcement)

Arizona

Full Privilege Minimum Age

16 years, 6 months

Arizona

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

15 / 6

Arizona

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Alaska

Full Privilege Minimum Age

16 years, 6 months

Alaska

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Alaska

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Alaska

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

40 (10)

Alaska

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Alaska

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

1 a.m. - 5 a.m.

Alaska

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

First 6 months: no passengers under 21

Alabama

Learner Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Alabama

Learner Stage: Minimum Duration (Months)

Alabama

Learner Stage: Supervised Driving Hours (Night Hours in Parenthesis)

50; 0 with driver's ed.

Alabama

Intermediate Stage: Minimum Age (Years/Months)

Alabama

Intermediate Stage: Nighttime Driving Restriction

Midnight - 6 a.m.

Alabama

Intermediate Stage: Passenger Restrictions (Except Family, Unless Noted)

No more than 1

Alabama

Full Privilege Minimum Age

GHSA and Ford DSFL Award Funds to Support State Teen Safe Driving Activities

Read more about GHSA and Ford DSFL Award Funds to Support State Teen Safe Driving Activities

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
June 15, 2016

Contact: Kara Macek, kmacek@ghsa.org
202-789-0942 x140

New Report Calls for Expanding Teen Safe Driving Efforts

Read more about New Report Calls for Expanding Teen Safe Driving Efforts

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
October 19, 2015

Contact: Kara Macek, kmacek@ghsa.org
202-789-0942 x140

Under Their Influence: The New Teen Safe Driving Champions

Read more about Under Their Influence: The New Teen Safe Driving Champions

This publication examines adults—other than parents—who have the opportunity to influence teen decision-making about driving and showcases several safe driving initiatives.

National Highway Safety Awards Presented in Nashville

Read more about National Highway Safety Awards Presented in Nashville

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
September 1, 2015

Contact: Kara Macek, kmacek@ghsa.org
202-789-0942 x140

Distracted & Dangerous: Helping States Keep Teens Focused on the Road

Read more about Distracted & Dangerous: Helping States Keep Teens Focused on the Road

This report looks at nearly two dozen state policy, enforcement and education initiatives to help keep teen drivers' focus off their smartphones and on the road.

Ford DSFL Awards $125,000 to Augment State Teen Safe Driving Programs

Read more about Ford DSFL Awards $125,000 to Augment State Teen Safe Driving Programs

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
May 11, 2015

Contact: Kara Macek, kmacek@ghsa.org
202-789-0942 x140

Getting It To Click! Connecting Teens And Seat Belt Use

Read more about Getting It To Click! Connecting Teens And Seat Belt Use

This report, made possible with funding from The Allstate Foundation, details promising programs and practices that states are using to encourage teens to wear their seat belts every time they drive or ride in a vehicle.

Speeding-Related Fatal Crashes Among Teen Drivers and Opportunities for Reducing the Risks

Read more about Speeding-Related Fatal Crashes Among Teen Drivers and Opportunities for Reducing the Risks

From 2000 to 2011, 19,447 fatal crashes involving teen drivers were speeding-related. Despite a significant drop in overall fatal teen driving crashes during that same time frame, speeding has actually grown slightly as a contributing factor.

Promoting Parent Involvement in Teen Driving: An In-Depth Look at the Importance and the Initiatives

Read more about Promoting Parent Involvement in Teen Driving: An In-Depth Look at the Importance and the Initiatives

This publication examines parents' critical role in helping teens develop into safe drivers, looking at how parents can support state graduated driver licensing laws.

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Teen and Novice Drivers

GHSA and Ford DSFL Award Funds to Support State Teen Safe Driving Activities

New Report Calls for Expanding Teen Safe Driving Efforts

Under Their Influence: The New Teen Safe Driving Champions

National Highway Safety Awards Presented in Nashville

Distracted & Dangerous: Helping States Keep Teens Focused on the Road

Ford DSFL Awards $125,000 to Augment State Teen Safe Driving Programs

Getting It To Click! Connecting Teens And Seat Belt Use

Speeding-Related Fatal Crashes Among Teen Drivers and Opportunities for Reducing the Risks

Promoting Parent Involvement in Teen Driving: An In-Depth Look at the Importance and the Initiatives

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